Fox Squirrel

Sciurus niger, the fox squirrel, is the largest species of tree squirrel native to North America, typically weighing 500-1000g and measuring 45-70 cm in total length, including a bushy tail. They exhibit variable pelage, ranging from grizzled gray with rufous undersides to entirely black, often with reddish-brown accents. Fox squirrels are diurnal and primarily arboreal, though they spend considerable time foraging on the ground. They breed twice a year, typically in late winter and late summer, producing litters of 2-5 young after a gestation period of approximately 44-45 days. Young are altricial and weaned around 8-10 weeks of age. Lifespan in the wild averages 2-4 years.

Fox squirrels are generally less arboreal than other tree squirrels, spending more time foraging on the ground for nuts, seeds, fruits, fungi, and insects. They exhibit scatter-hoarding behavior, burying individual food items across their territory, aiding in forest regeneration. These squirrels are often solitary but may tolerate others in proximity. They communicate through vocalizations, tail flicking, and scent marking. When threatened, they typically seek refuge in trees or cavities. In urban environments, they are less wary of humans and can become habituated, leading to increased interactions and potential conflicts. Damage to electrical wiring in structures is a significant concern due to their gnawing behavior.