Feral Hog

The feral hog, Sus scrofa (Order Artiodactyla, Family Suidae), is a medium-to-large ungulate, with adults typically weighing 40-150 kg, though larger individuals are reported. They possess a robust build, coarse bristly hair, and can range in color from black to brown, red, or spotted. Both sexes possess continuously growing tusks, which are elongated canine teeth. Sexual maturity can be reached as early as 6-8 months under optimal conditions. Gestation lasts approximately 112-115 days, with sows capable of producing 1-2 litters per year. Litter size averages 4-8 piglets, which are precocial.

Feral hogs are highly intelligent and adaptable animals, typically living in social groups called sounders, consisting of adult females and their offspring. Adult males are often solitary or form small bachelor groups. Their communication involves a range of vocalizations, including grunts, squeals, and woofs. Activity patterns are largely crepuscular and nocturnal, particularly in areas of high human disturbance, though they may forage during the day in undisturbed habitats. They wallow in mud or water to regulate body temperature and control ectoparasites.